(Gp:) IPv4 Multicast
Network
Túnel 6over4
Interconecta hosts IPv6 sobre una red IPv4 multicast
Usa direcciones IPv4 compatibles a IPv6 (ej: 0:0:0:0:0:0:192.168.30.1 = ::192.168.30.1 = ::C0A8:1E01)
No resuelve el problema de conexión a una red global IPv6
(Gp:) Red IPv4
Túnel ISATAP
Interconecta hosts IPv6 dentro de una organización, sobre una red IPv4
Usa direcciones IPv4 reales o ficticias
Puede usar direcciones con prefijo de enlace local, con prefijo de sitio o con prefijo de enlace global
Ej: FE80::5EFE:131.107.129.8,
3FFE:1A05:510:1111:0:5EFE:131.107.129.8
ISATAP: Intra-Site Automatic Tunnel Addressing Protocol
(Gp:) IPv6 o IPv4 Internet
ISATAP Router
Windows 2003 Server
Windows 2003 Server
(Gp:) Red IPv6
Túnel DSTM
(Gp:) IPv4 Internet
Interconecta hosts IPv4 sobre una red IPv6
Asignación temporal de direcciones IPv4
Utiliza direcciones IPv4 mapeadas a IPv6
Ej: ::FFFF:138.145.25.3
DSTM Router
Host IPv6
Host IPv4
Host IPv6
Túnel Teredo
(Gp:) IPv6 Internet
(Gp:) IPv4 Internet
NAT
NAT
Cliente Teredo (host IPv4/IPv6)
Cliente Teredo
(host IPv4/IPv6)
Host IPv6
Servidor Teredo
Teredo Relay
Encapsula IPv6 en paquetes UDP de IPv4
Usado en ambientes con NAT simple o múltiple
Usa 3FFE:831F::/32 como prefijo (no estandar por IANA)
IPv6 o IPv6 sobre IPv4
Túnel BGP
(Gp:) Red IPv6
(Gp:) IPv4 Internet
(Gp:) Red IPv6
Router A
Router B
2001:0503:2001:0708::/x
BGP4+
TCP
IPv6
BGP4+
TCP
IPv4
BGP+
Destination
Port
Next Hop
2001:0503:2001:0708::/x
Int 1/1
12.128.76.23
12.128.76.23
(Gp:) Red IPv4/IPv6 (cliente A)
Red IPv4 del ISP
(Gp:) Red IPv4 (cliente B)
(Gp:) Red IPv4 (cliente C)
(Gp:) Red IPv4 (cliente D)
(Gp:) Punto de Intercambio IPv6
Dual-stack
Router
Dual-stack
Router
Dual-stack
Router
Dual-stack
Router
192.168.5.1/24
192.168.4.1/24
192.168.3.1/24
192.168.1.0/24
.2
.2
192.168.2.0/24
.1
.1
Configuración de Tunel
(Gp:) Red IPv4/IPv6 (cliente A)
Red IPv4 del ISP
(Gp:) Punto de Intercambio IPv6
Tunel 1:
IPv6 Addr: 2001:yyyy:0100:0301::1/64
Tunnel Source: 192.168.2.2./24
Tunnel Dest. 192.168.3.1/24
2001:yyyy:0300:0201::/64
Enlace IPv6 Nativo
Tunel 1:
IPv6 Addr: 2001:yyyy:0100:0301::2/64
Tunnel Source: 192.168.3.1./24
Tunnel Dest. 192.168.2.2/24
Tunel 1:IPv6 Addr: 2001:yyyy:0300:0202::1/64
Tunnel Source: 192.168.5.1./24, Tunnel Dest. 192.168.4.1/24
Tunel 1:
IPv6 Addr: 2001:yyyy:0300:0202::1/64
Tunnel Source: 192.168.4.1/24
Tunnel Dest. 192.168.5.1/24
Configuración de Tunel
(Gp:) Red IPv4/IPv6 (cliente A)
Red IPv4 del ISP
(Gp:) Punto de Intercambio IPv6
Tunel 1:
IPv6 Addr: 2001:yyyy:0100:0301::2/64
Tunnel Source: 192.168.3.1./24
Tunnel Dest. 192.168.2.2/24
Tunel 1:IPv6 Addr: 2001:yyyy:0300:0202::1/64
Tunnel Source: 192.168.5.1./24, Tunnel Dest. 192.168.4.1/24
Ipv6 unicast-routing
Interface fastethernet1/0
Ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
Ipv6 address 2001:yyyy:0300:0201::1/64
Ipv6 rip cisco enable
Ipv6 unicast-routing
Interface fastethernet1/0
Ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0
Ipv6 address 2001:yyyy:0300:0201::2/64
Ipv6 rip cisco enable
Configuración de Tunel
(Gp:) Red IPv4/IPv6 (cliente A)
Red IPv4 del ISP
(Gp:) Punto de Intercambio IPv6
Tunel 1:IPv6 Addr: 2001:yyyy:0300:0202::1/64
Tunnel Source: 192.168.5.1./24, Tunnel Dest. 192.168.4.1/24
Interface serial 2/0
Ip address 192.168.4.1 255.255.255.0
no ip route-cache
Interface tunnel1
no ip address
Ipv6 address 2001:yyyy:0300:0202::1/64
Tunnel source serial2/0
Tunnel destination 192.168.5.1 255.255.255.0
Tunnel mode ipv6ip
Ipv6 route 2001:yyyy:0300:0201::64/64 fastethernet1/0
Ipv6 route ::/0 tunnel 1
Configuración de Tunel
Interface serial2/0
Ip address 192.168.5.1 255.255.255.0
no ip route-cache
Interface tunnel1
no ip address
Ipv6 address 2001:yyyy:0300:0202::1/64
Tunnel source serial2/0
Tunnel destination 192.168.4.1 255.255.255.0
Tunnel mode ipv6ip
Ipv6 route 2001:yyyy:/32 tunnel1
(Gp:) Red IPv4/IPv6 (cliente A)
Red IPv4 del ISP
(Gp:) Punto de Intercambio IPv6
Tunel 1:IPv6 Addr: 2001:yyyy:0300:0202::1/64
Tunnel Source: 192.168.5.1./24, Tunnel Dest. 192.168.4.1/24
Interface serial 2/0
Ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0
No ip route-cache
Interface tunnel1
No ip address
Ipv6 address 2001:yyyy:0100:0301::2/64
Tunnel source serial2/0
Tunnel destination 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0
Mode ipv6ip
Ipv6 route 2001:yyyy:0101::/64 fastethernet1/0
Ipv6 route ::/0 tunnel1
Ipv6 unicast-routing
Interface fastethernet1/1
Ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0
Interface tunnel1
No ip address
Ipv6 address 2001:yyyy:0100:0301::1/64
Tunnel source fastethernet1/1
Tunnel destination 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0
Mode ipv6ip
Ipv6 route 2001:yyyy:0101::/48 tunnel1
Configuración de Tunel
Transición a IPv6
Network Address Translation-Protocol Translation (NAT-PT) (RFC 2766)
Transport Relay Translator (TCP-UDP Relay) (RFC 3142)
Bump-in-the-Stack (BIS) (RFC 2767)
Dual Stack Transition Mechanism (DSTM)
(Internet Draft draft-ietf-ngtrans-dstm-07.txt)
SOCKS-Based Gateway (RFC 3089)
Mecanismos de Traslación de Protocolos
NAT-PT Router
Red IPv4
Red IPv6
Host IPv6
Host IPv4
Transición a IPv6
NAT-PT RFC 2766, Network Address Translation – Protocol Translation. (actualizado en RFC 3152)
(Gp:) IPv4 Internet
(Gp:) IPv6 Internet
TCP/IPv4
Socket, DNS
Aplicación
IPv4
NAT-PT
TCP/IPv4
IPv4
TCP/IPv6
IPv6
Pool de direcciones IPv4
Pool de direcciones IPv6
(Gp:) IPv4 Internet
(Gp:) IPv6 Internet
Transición a IPv6
TCP/IPv4
Socket, DNS
Aplicación
IPv4
TRT
TCP/IPv4
IPv4
TCP/IPv6
IPv6
Destino
Cliente
Transport Relay Translator (TRT) RFC 3142, An IPv6-to-IPv4 Transport Relay Translator
IPv4
IPv6
Socket Layer
Ethernet MAC
Physical Layer
Application Layer
Translator
Extension Name Resolver
Address Mapper
Header or APIs Translator
TCP(UDP)
Transición a IPv6
Bump in the Stack RFC 2767, Dual Stack Hosts using the "Bump-In-the-Stack" Technique (BIS)
Bump in the API RFC 3338, Dual Stack Hosts Using Bump-in-the-API (BIA)
IPv4
IPv6
Socket Layer
Ethernet MAC
Physical Layer
Application Layer
TCP(UDP)
Translator
Bump in the Stack
Bump in the API
TCP/IP v4
Extension Name resolver
Address mapper
translator
Aplicaciones IPv4
Controladores Interfaz de Red
(Gp:) IPv4 Internet
(Gp:) IPv6 Internet
Interfaz de Red
Transición a IPv6
Bump in the Stack
IPv6
API Translator
Name resolver
Address mapper
Function Mapper
Socket API (IPv4, IPv6)
Aplicaciones IPv4
TCP(UDP)/IPv4
TCP(UDP)/IPv6
Controladores Interfaz de Red
(Gp:) IPv4 Internet
(Gp:) IPv6 Internet
Interfaz de Red
Transición a IPv6
Bump in the API
(Gp:) IPv4 Internet
(Gp:) IPv6 Internet
Transición a IPv6
TCP/IPv4
Socket, DNS
Socks Library
Aplicación
IPv4
Socket, DNS
Socks Application Layer Gateway
TCP/IPv4
IPv4
TCP/IPv6
IPv6
Destino
Cliente
Socks RFC 3089, A SOCKS-based IPv6/IPv4 Gateway Mechanism
DNS IPv6
Bind 4.9 o superior, versión 8 o superior
Registros AAAA (obsoletos)
(Gp:) $ORIGIN example.com.
host 3600 IN AAAA 3ffe:8050:201:1860:42::1
(Gp:) $ORIGIN example.com.
host 3600 IN A6 0 3ffe:8050:201:1860:42::1
Registros A6
(Gp:) $ORIGIN example.com.
host 3600 IN A6 64 0:0:0:0:42::1 company.example1.net.
host 3600 IN A6 64 0:0:0:0:42::1 company.example2.net.
ISP1
$ORIGIN example1.net.
company 3600 IN A6 0 3ffe:8050:201:1860::
ISP2
$ORIGIN example2.net.
company 3600 IN A6 0 1234:5678:90ab:fffa::
Registros A6 Encadenados
DNS IPv6
Registros A6 para Servidores DNS
(Gp:) $ORIGIN example.com.
@ 14400 IN NS ns0
14400 IN NS ns1
ns0 14400 IN A6 0 3ffe:8050:201:1860:42::1
ns1 14400 IN A 192.168.42.1
(Gp:) No usar direcciones mapeadas IPv4 en IPv6 para Servidores de DNS
::ffff:192.168.42.1
DNS IPv6
(Gp:) $ORIGIN 0.6.8.1.1.0.2.0.0.5.0.8.e.f.f.3.ip6.int.
1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.2.0.4..0 14400 IN PTR host.example.com.
Registro Inverso (Nibble Format) (obsoleto)
(Gp:) Host con dirección: 3ffe:8050:201:1860:42::1
Registro Inverso (Bitstring Format)
(Gp:) $ORIGIN [x3ffe805002011860/64].ip6.arpa.
[x0042000000000001/64] 14400 IN PTR host.example.com.
DNS IPv6
Root DNS IPv6
;; greatplains.net
;;
$TTL 86400
$ORIGIN net.
greatplains IN SOA nic-ks.greatplains.net. root.greatplains.net. (
2002081205 ; serial – YYYYMMDDXX
21600 ; refresh – 6 hours
1200 ; retry – 20 minutes
3600000 ; expire – long time
86400) ; minimum TTL – 24 hours
;;
;; Nameservers
;;
IN NS nic-ks.greatplains.net.
IN NS nic-mn.northernlights.gigapop.net.
IN NS nic.kanren.net.
DNS IPv6
;; MX record
IN MX 10 nic-ks.greatplains.net.
;; Hosts
$ORIGIN greatplains.net.
;; Test names
;;
tmp-ks IN A 164.113.238.9
tmp-ks IN AAAA 2001:468:1FD:1::9
tmp-ks IN AAAA 2001:468:1FD:4::9
$ORIGIN ip6.greatplains.net.
;; The nic machines
;;
nic-ks IN AAAA 2001:468:1FD:0:201:3FF:FED8:61C6
nic-ks-s IN AAAA 2001:468:1FD:1:201:3FF:FED8:61C7
fre-ks IN AAAA 2001:468:1FD:0:0210:4bff:fec9:370d
DNS IPv6
;; 1.0.8.6.4.0.1.0.0.2.ip6.int
;;
$TTL 86400
$ORIGIN 1.0.8.6.4.0.1.0.0.2.ip6.int.
@ IN SOA nic-ks.greatplains.net. root.nic-ks.greatplains.net. (
2002050300 ; Serial – YYYYMMDDXX
10800 ; Refresh
3600 ; Retry
3600000 ; Expire
86400 ) ; Minimum
;; Nameserver
;;
IN NS nic-ks.greatplains.net.
IN NS nic-mn.northernlights.gigapop.net.
;;
DNS IPv6
;; We delegate out 2001:468:100::/40 to other nameservers
;; This is the 2001:468:1fd::/48 delegated to GPN local
;;
$ORIGIN d.f.1.0.8.6.4.0.1.0.0.2.ip6.int.
IN NS nic-ks.greatplains.net.
IN NS nic-mn.northernlights.gigapop.net.
;; This is the 2001:468:1fe::/48 delegated to Summerhill
;;
$ORIGIN e.f.1.0.8.6.4.0.1.0.0.2.ip6.int.
IN NS cody.summerhill.org.
IN NS nic-ks.greatplains.net.
;;
;; This is the 2001:468:1ff::/48 delegated to GPN point-to-points
$ORIGIN f.f.1.0.8.6.4.0.1.0.0.2.ip6.int.
IN NS nic-ks.greatplains.net.
IN NS nic-mn.northernlights.gigapop.net.
DNS IPv6
;; d.f.1.0.8.6.4.0.1.0.0.2.ip6.int
$TTL 86400
$ORIGIN d.f.1.0.8.6.4.0.1.0.0.2.ip6.int.
@ IN SOA nic-ks.greatplains.net. root.nic-ks.greatplains.net. (
2002081202 ; Serial – YYYYMMDDXX
10800 ; Refresh
3600 ; Retry
3600000 ; Expire
86400 ) ; Minimum
;; Nameservers
IN NS nic-ks.greatplains.net.
IN NS nic-mn.northernlights.gigapop.net.
;; Hosts on 2001:468:1fd::/64, the GPN ethernet
$ORIGIN 0.0.0.0.d.f.1.0.8.6.4.0.1.0.0.2.ip6.int.
6.c.1.6.8.d.e.f.f.f.3.0.1.0.2.0 IN PTR nic-ks.ip6.greatplains.net.
d.0.7.3.9.c.e.f.f.f.b.4.0.1.2.0 IN PTR fre-ks.ip6.greatplains.net.
DNS IPv6
;; x2001046801fd-48.ip6.arpa
$TTL 86400
$ORIGIN [x2001046801fd/48].ip6.arpa.
@ IN SOA nic-ks.greatplains.net. root.nic-ks.greatplains.net. (
2002081204 ; Serial – YYYYMMDDXX
10800 ; Refresh
3600 ; Retry
3600000 ; Expire
86400 ) ; Minimum
;; Nameservers
IN NS nic-ks.greatplains.net.
IN NS nic-mn.northernlights.gigapop.net.
;; The hosts in 2001:468:1fd::/64 on the GPN ethernet
$ORIGIN [x2001046801fd0000/64].ip6.arpa.
[x020103fffed861c6] IN PTR nic-ks.ip6.greatplains.net.
[x02104bfffec9370d] IN PTR fre-ks.ip6.greatplains.net.
DNS IPv6
Conclusiones
IPv6 es la única manera de garantizar el crecimiento sostenido de Internet en los próximos años
Hay un gran esfuerzo mundial acerca de IPv6, y ya puede considerarse como un desarrollo estable y maduro, aún cuando continúan los trabajos en muchas áreas
IPv4 e IPv6 deben coexistir por algún tiempo
La Internet del futuro contará con una gran utilización de tecnologías inalámbricas
El modelo Cliente/Servidor será reemplazado en buena medida por el modelo “Peer to Peer”, aumentando así la comunicación interpersonal
IPv6 es una realidad y solamente puede acelerarse o retrasarse su adopción, con las consecuencias que ello pueda acarrear
¿Cuándo empezar a trabajar IPv6?
Mayor cantidad de tiempo para planear una transición gradual
Mayor tiempo para obtener la necesaria experiencia con IPv6
Crear un servicio IPv6 inicial es relativamente económico
Algunas redes y empresas se están preocupando por el tema IPv6
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