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Influence of Selection and Initiation of Talent on effectiveness for the High Performance



  1. Abstract
  2. Introduction
  3. Development
  4. Conclusions
  5. References

Abstract

The object of this study is the influence of the Sports
Team in the process of preparation of athletes and the selection
process in Rhythmic Gymnastics as a premise for the preparation
of the gymnasts.

This case study helps to enrich and support the
selection process and initiation of specific talents, based on
different views and solid scientific approaches – methodological,
so you can search more objectively and safer for potential
talent, making the high performance sports pyramid more
sustainable in any system, so we must rely on the assumptions of
sensitive phases and critical periods, and primarily on the basis
of the theory of training, in addition to creating a nice work
environment and with a well-coordinated and structured
athlete-coach from the community.

With the goal of these experiences, different methods
were employed such as document research and a review of the
sports dynamic, through specific case study groups, also in the
pedagogical dimension of various concentrations of athletes, the
research was longitudinal.

Introduction

It starts with the idea that the competitive level of
our athletes in rhythmic gymnastics has not reached the level of
skill to be ranked among the best in the world. The change to
this reality will be possible through further development of the
sports training system, understood as a complex process that
depends on many factors. One of the important, if not the most
important factor in this process is the initial selection of the
candidate athletes and the quality of the initial
training.

Having studied the trends in the World Team Sports,
qualitative and quantitative approaches are assumed to building a
theoretical model of the gymnast "elite" and the current
gymnast.

It achieves the theoretical and methodological
systematization and improvement of the Selection System Sports in
Rhythmic Gymnastics, on the basis of integrative qualities of the
ideal characteristics of the gymnast "elite", which implies a
possible increase in the efficiency of the detection, selection
and monitoring of talent in this field, adding new elements to
its original version in the Athlete Preparation Program of the
sport.

Development

The sport is going to reflect the ideas that express
aspirations of the people: the idea of ??a highly productive
work, and that sport is a social phenomenon, and as other spheres
of human activity are inherent in different positions emanating
from material living conditions of society. Thus these ideas are
reflected in the objectives of the sport.

At present there have been several studies and
researches regarding sports activities, which have not only led
to the solution of particular problems of sport. Many Studies
have shown that improvement in sport requires the application of
knowledge from many areas including those of the social
sciences.

The steady increase in the demands and the anticipated
extent of the maximum competitive performance in sports such as
rhythmic gymnastics underscores the need to establish a selection
system in accordance with these sports requirements.

The system of Physical Culture is one of its bases for
the massive practice of the sport from the community. This
enables the formation of a large pool of candidates which is an
important precondition for the development of the sport in the
country.

From the above data, it is clear that the detection
efficiency of talent is one of the problems facing the sports
training system of rhythmic gymnastics, because it has not always
applied scientifically established criteria for the completion of
the selection.

One way to ensure an effective selection process is to
study the characteristics of the best athletes, which includes
not only the masters of the sport but also the best in each stage
of the long-term preparation. (Filin and Volkov, 1987 and
Zatsiorvki, 1987).

The selection process must take into account the
physical abilities as well as the psychological traits of the
athlete; there are individuals who are physically able to perform
well but who are not able to commit to the long and arduous
training regimen needed to attain elite status.

Now for the coaches and specialists dedicated to the
sport, it is unanimously accepted that the achievements and
setbacks of sports actions have much to do with psychological
factors involved in the process of activity.

At the present time we face a great challenge for
contemporary sport is just to harmonize the use of all the
possibilities of scientific – technical development has been in
the service of man and the athlete's life. We know that this
responsibility is much greater with the enormous advances in
science and technology of which people didn"t even dream 15 or 20
years ago.

But solving the goals of the new generation of athletes
is not always easy, we must first be able to change their "I
cannot" to "I wish" and then prompt them to make the leap from "I
wish" to "I can do much more". The essential signs are observable
during their performances, and typify the entire event: among
them may be fighting, aggression and passivity. These behaviors
can be observed in athletes separately and in groups taking into
account the community in which they live, in the case of rhythmic
gymnastics there should be a close correlation between all
participants in team sports.

It is common in current training cycle and repeatedly in
the sport that sets goals that are not in correspondence with the
real possibility of an athlete. As most frequent underlying cause
and the inability to obtain accurate and reliable information for
the preparation of the adversaries, very important aspect
mentioned by renowned specialists in the subject as Puni (1969),
Gorbunov (1988); Rudik (1990) is the psychological preparation
for competition. Coaches must help their athletes realistically
assess their current level of expertise in their sport and set
realistic goals for achieving the next level of performance. It
is helpful to understand how one compares to future opponents and
to have realistic insight into the likelihood of success in
completion against them.

It is known that it is possible that athletes may think
they will succeed by strengthening themselves physically, when
what they really need is a superior tactical development and
media program goals and be able to meet their true problems,
defects and potential to face the tasks. This aspect is often
neglected by coaches

How to identify problems in the sport is relatively
easy, but this can only make the athlete dissatisfied or angry.
We must not only be able to identify the problem, but be aware
that this is only the first step in finding a solution. It is
quite helpful to allow the athlete to understand their weaknesses
and their contribution to resolving them. It is a matter of
tactical guidance to the problem, as they usually tend to focus
attention only on negative aspects of a situation, because the
athlete strictly identifies what is wrong, without providing any
feedback or information about what to do to correct it

Search or detection of gifted girls with potential for
performance in sport has increased in importance over the years,
much as it has sharpened competition and identified. Talents are
everywhere, so the search has to be a constant in the coach's job
and it is essential that sports culture has, sensitivity and
education in dealing with children, teaching ability and develop
the sporting aspirations and that is true every coach has to
internalize it, make him the problem, which is an extra visits to
schools, discussions with teachers, family and especially to the
training enjoyable and create an environment that supports this
project where athletes feel as or more happy and motivated at
home.

For this, the coach, about motivation, you should ask
the following questions: What reasons induced to do certain
things? How I can I influence the motivation of an athlete to
certain activities and what factors are important in this regard?
Under what circumstances someone is optimally motivated and
achieving and maintaining the optimal level?

An athlete with low pulse or trigger for the sport will
have to work to increase it when you train and compete, and is
the coach who has to guide you in that specific training to
enhance the detection of the previous activation.

An athlete with an athletic goal unrealistic, difficult
to reach it and be more likely to frustrate and defeat does not
react constructively. The coach will have to rethink it
appropriate targets. Motivation becomes a response addressed to
the satisfaction of a need, whether objective and / or energy
control.In young athletes, the motivation must be based on fun,
entertainment and pleasure on the one hand, and the need for
achievement or accomplishment on the other. In the subconscious
of every athlete there is a tendency to act rightly, to ensure
effectiveness in their interactions with the environment as well
as an aspiration to achieve a goal in a competition that meets
the standards of excellence, this trend must be substantiated.The
trainer should be aware that if the athlete has a sports domain
behavior, attributed his defeat to a lack of effort, he perceived
that the effort is linked to positive outcome. But if on the
other hand, present a position of powerlessness, attributed his
defeat to the inability to show that has better athletic ability,
perceived that he will not run better, you try and therefore its
success is due to the ease of the task.The idea that each athlete
has the connections between the successes and failures and their
own behavior or sportsmanship is what is known as the locus of
control. Can be internal if the athlete believes in a direct
relationship between their sporting performance and the result,
or external if you think there is no such
relationship.

The athlete who has an internal locus of control is more
productive because it has the feeling of control over any
modification on the competition for best results.

The way to advance the process of attribution has
implications for the expectations that anyone has the results of
their actions in future situations and, consequently, their
motivation.

As for the relationship between motivation and
performance is always a great value setting your goals. The
reason lies in the fact that the objectives provide an
orientation to care, "mobilize" the person, increase your powers
of perseverance and facilitate the development of a
strategy.

We know that the achievement of objectives specified
exactly posed a challenge is useful for enhancing motivation. The
same applies to the act of learning to set yourself realistic
concrete goals and objectives that we are most interested are
those that everyone accepts it as such for itself.

It is also important to note that the coach should
influence the goals of the "I can much more" realistic, because
an unattainable goal will help "discourage." The proper setting
realistic goals is related to the level of aspiration, ie the
level of performance achievable. In this sense, it is important
self-efficacy related to the athlete.

Coach to reinforce this perception of efficacy in the
athlete must:

  • Promote the "vicarious learning" (Bandura). It is
    based on observational learning where the sport is influenced
    by the sporting performance model that represents the
    coach.

  • Encourage mastery experiences and athletic ability,
    adjusting the maximum skill level of the target.

  • Adjust the trigger level and teach the athlete to
    use and control in difficult situations from harming their
    self-efficacy.

  • Use verbal persuasion so that the athlete see the
    coach as a friend and not as a reminder of the need for
    external effort and work to get results.

In this regard we must focus our efforts toward an
orientation that will help the athlete to understand what new
capabilities and skills needed to solve their problems and
improve the parameters defects.

We always have to know the difference and apply a
gradual increase in overall requirements of one selection to
another, because the more advanced the selection, the greater the
involvement of each of the aspects that have to control, on the
other hand, the duration between the processes must be decreasing
provided that efficiently logical targets in the preparation of
the athlete.

That is why both the second and third level indirect
carry a selection of information on the way to the transfer and
assimilation after content has been the talent in previous
stages.

As the athlete progresses from beginner status to ever
higher levels of skill, the coach must reanalyze the athlete"s
strengths and weaknesses and present the athlete with realistic
stepwise solutions to overcome the areas of
deficiency.

In this period of time we should emphasize the use of
integrative qualities as a way that helps streamline and clarify
the selection criteria in rhythmic gymnastics, as they constitute
the basis for defining indicators to assess within the system
selection of this sport.

  • Based on the theoretical and methodological aspects,
    which have been declared as the basis of this research, we
    try to establish the system of choice for Gymnastics sports.
    We applied the methodology through the following:

  • Characterization of the sport and competitive
    activity.

  • Fabricating the ideal of elite gymnast.

  • Determination of the integrative qualities of the
    gymnast at the highest level.

  • Determination of model features of Cuban
    gymnasts.

  • Standards development.

  • System design.

  • The rules should be corrected through the comparison
    of values ??to the indicators of the theoretical model, which
    represents the desired state and thus achieve precise sport
    selection and quantitatively determine the values ??of the
    indicators that represent the current state of the population
    to be selected.

  • There should be a high correlation between the
    results of the investigated areas, both the interrelationship
    of the indicators that make up and the need to consider them
    within the sport selection process as part of the proposed
    model of gymnast "elite".

For others this is to say that this shows that when you
select correctly, the results are effective at all times to
achieve sports scores.

Taking on the criteria of the specialists of Gymnastics
and opinions of staff specialists from other sciences, and the
conclusions of the studies to the Reserve Sports in this sport,
the results confirm the observations of competitive activity and
the study of literature on the subject not only describe the
characteristics of the gymnast in this specialty at the highest
level of athletic development, but also establish the
interrelationship between the components of the preparation, one
would define the extra to be made in each case to achieve the "I
can do much more" of the athlete.

At present the system of selecting sports Preparation
Program Sports Gymnastics is based primarily on the version that
came in the scheme, much improved from the determination of the
integrative qualities that govern the sport selection process in
areas of physical, technical and morphofunctional.

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It is understood that the criteria underpinning the
system interact in a systemic way, so that your application can
select, with little chance of error sporting talents Gymnastics,
despite the efforts are sometimes hampered by lack of require
perseverance in the real capabilities of the athlete in your
subconscious, which must be included.

This proposal must be achieved theoretical and
methodological systematization and improvement of the system
sports teams, the RG, based on integrative qualities of the ideal
characteristics of the gymnast "elite", implying a possible
increase in efficiency detection process, selection and
monitoring of talent in this field by incorporating new elements
to its original version in the Athlete Preparation Programme of
the sport.

Taking into account the results should be associated
with stages of sports development and stabilization of the
maximum results. This involves monitoring talented athletes for
several years where they forged the capabilities that are
manifested in the specific activities of high performance. There
will be teaching observations, tests of control and biological
medical studies, sociological and psychological means of a
longitudinal evolution, with a view to determine the level of
sports training, prospects and final dynamic specialization, to
enroll school sports, High Performance Centers and the creation
of national teams for international and Olympic Games
commitments.

To achieve this, criteria should be assessed at each
stage, linked To the Performance Profile of school age: age of
onset of specialization in sport, age of their best results and
increased sports. There should be dynamic and periodic
evaluations of athletes which include height, weight and physical
efficiency tests. All that is necessary to point out that in
selecting sport candidates the words: identification, screening,
recruitment and selection require assessment from two
perspectives or two different approaches. On one hand it means
content and concepts that express different nuances from the
theoretical point of view, and on another may indicate that
logical steps of the selection of talent from the methodological
profile represent tasks, actions and special procedures that
interact harmoniously and systemically, sometimes excluding and
complementing each other

Conclusions

From the above analysis regarding the selection and
initiation in sports in general, from the theoretical point of
view, we clarify the following perspectives:

  • The selection and initiation of candidate athletes
    should be based on a Holistic analysis rather than on
    athletic ability alone. It determines the effectiveness of
    the training.

  • In the theoretical postulates, which constitute the
    indispensable basis for the systematization of a possible
    selection theory, types of selection (initial stages, for the
    formation of teams) and targets of selection (identification,
    selection and monitoring) are recognized. It becomes clear
    that the initial selection in the preliminary stage has as
    its objectives as the identification and selection of talent
    in the primary selection stage of initial selection and the
    selection stages and forming teams, the objectives are the
    selection and monitoring of athletic talent.

  • We must learn to differentiate two major dimensions
    of the selection of talent in sport: the focus on sport,
    which is general and seeks to identify the best skills and
    abilities to practice any type of sports, and selection,
    which is particular and aims to identify, select and monitor
    the development of specific talent for a sport. While the
    targets of selection are common for all sports, its contents
    are specific to each of them.

From the results of the investigation the following
conclusions can be established for the particular case of
Rhythmic Gymnastics

  • From the relationship between the theoretical model
    of the gymnast and trends in the selection for Gymnastics
    sports, we can distinguish an inclusive set of attributes
    that should characterize the top gymnast in her developmental
    level. I said before the relationship does not exclude the
    set of attributes integrated with other components of the
    ideal model.

Integrative qualities of the system are:

  • Aesthetic impact.

  • Driving condition.

  • Motor efficiency.

  • Creativity driving.

Of course the scheme is large, since we cannot have a
single selection factor. We note that competitive sports results
depend on many factors, so it is necessary to identify and try to
control all phases of the process of logical selection of talent.
This would include the morphological profile as well as
intelligence, ability to interact positively with other
teammates, sport-specific athletic ability and high motivation to
persevere and succeed.

References

  • 1. Ficher, Richard J. Bases for the selection
    of young talents. Havana: ISCF (ICT), 1992.

  • 2. Díaz Fleitas, I. Selection criteria
    for the practice of rhythmic gymnastics in girls 6-7 years.
    [Thesis option presented in the scientific degree of Doctor
    of Pedagogical Sciences] Moscow: Central Institute of
    Physical Culture, 1981

  • 3. Technical collective rhythmic gymnastics.
    Selection rules and control test preparation for gymnasts
    National School of Gymnastics National Team 1991 – 1995 –
    1996 – 2000 / Collective Rhythmic gymnastics Sports
    Technical.

  • 4. O 'Farrill Hernández, A. Selection
    rules and Sports Gymnastics National Team / A. O 'Farrill
    Hernández. – [S.l.s.n.], 1990.

  • 5. Pettola, E. Talent Identification / E.
    Pettola Tr. C.A. English Quintero Enamorado. – La Habana:
    ISCF (ICT), 1993.

  • 6. Selection system for rhythmic gymnastics
    sport in Cuba. ISCF Manuel Fajardo "(Cuba). Dr. C.
    Ilisástegui Mélix Avilés. Dr. C. Isabel
    Díaz Fleitas http://www.efdeportes.com/ Revista
    Digital – Buenos Aires – Year 7 – N ° 42 – November
    2001

  • 7. The selection and introduction of talents,
    their effectiveness for high performance Msc Michael William
    Hernández barges – 15/07/2008 Source:
    PortalFitness.com http://www.portalfitness.com

  • 8. Pila Hernández, H. The selection of
    sporting talents in the school / H. Pila Hernández .-
    Havana: INDER, 1996

  • 9. Popov, V.B. Unique selection of athletes
    perspectives / VB Popov. – Moscow. [S.n.], 1986.

  • 10. Romero, R. Paper capacity sport performance
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    talent / R. Romero. – Event, Havana, 1992.

  • 11. Rozin, E.I. Some morphofunctional
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    / EI Rozin, A. Mukanbietov – Moscow: Physical Culture and
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  • 12. Volkov, V.M. The problem of sporting talent
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  • 16. Arana Jimenez, Luis. (1994): System of
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  • 17. Dzhamgarov, T. T and A. Z. Puni. Psychology
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Author: Ms. Rosa González
Cordón.

Teacher with 25 years experience in Physical Education
and Sport. Technical Advisory Committee of Rhythmic Gymnastics
Provincial of the Province of Holguin.

From 1996 to date has worked in the sport initiation and
high performance sport

She has participated in national and international
courses in the specialty.

Has tutored 7 Diplomas work of the Faculty of Physical
Culture and Sports of Holguin.

Performs technical advice to the coaches of the Province
and provided technical advice in the Bolivarian Republic of
Venezuela.

 

 

Autor:

Sra. Rosa González
Cordón

15/06/2011

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